Researchers from the University of Sharjah have developed a pneumatic propulsion system designed to replace the traditional electric and diesel engines powering ferries on fixed sea routes.
The pneumatic propulsion system relies on an onboard compressed air tank, which powers an air motor that drives the ferry’s propeller. According to researchers, the air tanks can be filled with compressed air at the end of each voyage while the ferry is docked and waiting for passengers to board. This system, they argue, is not only environmentally friendly but also more economically and energy-efficient compared to traditional engines.
“The pneumatic system would prove more feasible both economically and from an energy efficiency perspective,” the team stated.
Maritime transportation plays a critical role in global trade, moving over 90% of goods by quantity. However, ships powered by fossil fuels are a major source of marine pollution and these pollutants degrade air quality, damage ecosystems, and contribute to climate change.
In response, researchers are exploring cleaner alternatives, including electric and hybrid propulsion systems. Electric systems offer zero emissions at the point of use, along with greater efficiency and reduced noise. However, challenges such as limited battery power density and concerns over battery disposal persist. Hybrid systems, which combine conventional fuels with renewable energy sources, offer improved performance and can reduce emissions by up to 45%.
Pneumatic propulsion, on the other hand, is a promising alternative for short-distance maritime travel. By using compressed air to generate thrust, these systems provide a clean, low-emission solution that helps protect marine ecosystems. Their simplicity also means lower maintenance costs and greater reliability in harsh marine environments.
Additionally, pneumatic systems can deliver instant power and acceleration, making them ideal for situations that require rapid speed.
The team at the University of Sharjah focused their research on developing a pneumatic propulsion system for ferries, emphasizing the advantages of air motors. Pneumatic motors are known for their rapid response, durability, and ease of integration into existing vessels, making them a strong candidate for modernizing ferry propulsion systems.
An experimental setup was created to compare the thrust forces generated by pneumatic propulsion and electric systems powered by lead-acid batteries. The study examined how variables such as air tank capacity, pressure, and discharge rate affected the thrust force. Additionally, a lifecycle analysis was conducted to evaluate the environmental impact and energy consumption of both propulsion systems, with particular attention to the reductions in carbon dioxide emissions.
According to the team, “the experimental results proved that compressed air is an effective alternative to electrical motors in terms of eco-friendliness, effectiveness, and sustainability. The pneumatic system provided a 6 percent extra propulsion force and a carbon footprint saving of 307 kgCO2/year over their electrical counterparts.”
The University of Sharjah research team is now working with local organizations in the UAE to bring their pneumatic propeller technology to market. The Road and Transportation Authority in Dubai, along with the Sharjah Water Sports Club, have been introduced to the system and are exploring potential collaborations.
The details of the team’s research have been published in the journal Ocean Engineering.