Chinese scientists are progressing on the construction of a massive electromagnetic rail gun known as Tengyun, designed to launch 50-ton hypersonic planes into space. Since 2016, engineers in China have been developing the project, with recent advancements in electromagnetic launch and hypersonic flight fueling optimism for potential human space travel.
The rail gun functions as an electromagnetic launch track, propelling hypersonic aircraft to Mach 1.6, nearly twice the speed of sound. These aircraft, weighing 50 tonnes and exceeding the length of a Boeing 737, detach from the track after launch, ignite their engines, and ascend into space. If successful, this technology could significantly reduce launch costs.
The prospect of Tengyun has attracted interest from entities like NASA and SpaceX, which have struggled with electromagnetic launch technology at this scale. However, the project faces challenges, including the need for substantial fuel for lift-off and addressing low-speed take-off dangers, leading to compromises in aerodynamic design and engine layout.
Despite previous unrealized projects in China, scientists are optimistic about Tengyun’s prospects. Lead scientist Li Shaowei highlights electromagnetic launch technology as a promising solution, emphasizing its status as a strategic frontier technology pursued globally.
To test the concept, the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC) plans to use a 1.2-mile low-vacuum track maglev test facility in Datong, later extending it to 37.2 miles with a maximum operating speed of 5,000 km/h. This facility repurposed from its original use for magnetic levitation trains is now focused on aerospace testing, deemed one of the most ambitious electromagnetic propulsion facilities globally.
While China leads in electromagnetic rail gun research, other countries, including the US, have also explored similar technologies. NASA and the US Navy’s past attempts faced technical and financial hurdles, leading to a shift toward alternative technologies. Currently, the US focuses on rail guns and hypersonic missiles.
China’s progress in electromagnetic rail gun research, powered by high-performance power supplies and precision control technology, underscores its commitment to technological advancement in aerospace. As the race for space exploration intensifies, China remains at the forefront of innovation in this field.