Researchers from the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) and Yonsei University in South Korea have successfully tested a technology that remotely and precisely manipulates specific brain regions using magnetic fields.
“This is the world’s first technology to freely control specific brain regions using magnetic fields,” said Cheon Jinwoo, co-corresponding author of the study from the Center for Nanomedicine at IBS and the Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering at Yonsei University.
“We expect it to be widely used in research to understand brain functions, sophisticated artificial neural networks, two-way BCI [brain-computer interface] technologies, and new treatments for neurological disorders.”
Dubbed Nano-MIND (Magnetogenetic Interface for NeuroDynamics), this technology operates wirelessly, unlike optogenetics and electrical deep brain stimulation, which require invasive electrodes. Nano-MIND leverages magnetic fields and magnetized nanoparticles to achieve its effects. Specific neurons are genetically engineered to express ‘magnetoreceptors,’ which attract magnetized nanoparticles. When exposed to low-strength rotating magnetic fields, these receptor-attached magnets twist, activating the neurons.
In experiments with freely moving mice, the researchers used Nano-MIND to modulate social behavior and feeding. In one test, they activated inhibitory GABA receptors in neurons in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) of the hypothalamus, a region crucial for parenting. Activation of these neurons in non-maternal female mice resulted in a significant increase in nurturing behaviors, with care time for mouse pups more than quadrupling. Control mice exhibited no such interest in the pups.
In another experiment, the team targeted circuits in the lateral hypothalamus, a brain region involved in regulating various physiological processes, including feeding. Activation of inhibitory neurons in this area led to a 100% increase in appetite and feeding behaviors while activating excitatory neurons decreased appetite and feeding behaviors by over 50%.
These findings demonstrate that Nano-MIND can selectively activate specific neurons and circuits to modulate higher brain functions, opening new avenues for advancements in neuroscience and potential therapeutic applications.
“It offers advantages such as wireless and long-term stimulation capabilities, which could revolutionize the field by enabling non-invasive and precise manipulation of brain activity, including deep and remote areas,” remarked, Felix Leroy, PhD, from the Institute of Neurosciences of Alicante, Spain.
However, Leroy also noted that the long-term effects of repeated magnetogenetic stimulation on the cell’s surface remain unknown and require further investigation.
The study detailing this technology was published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.
Source: IBS