Researchers have proposed a groundbreaking theory about the construction of the 4,600-year-old Step Pyramid of Djoser in Egypt. Contrary to the prevailing belief that ancient Egyptians used rollers and ramps to move the massive stones, new evidence suggests they might have employed a sophisticated hydraulic lift system.
The intricate landscape, waterways, and interior architecture of the Step Pyramid point towards the use of hydraulic technology, according to the researchers. This new theory, published by Heritage Daily, indicates that the Egyptians might have utilized their advanced knowledge of hydraulics, a technology they were renowned for in irrigation and stone transportation via barges.
French researchers investigating the area’s watersheds discovered that the enigmatic structure known as the Gisr el-Mudir might have functioned as a check dam. This dam, part of a highly advanced water management system, included rock-carved compartments connected by channels, a settling basin, a retention basin, and a purification system. It might have even created a manmade lake, as reported by Popular Mechanics.
The researchers analyzed the Djoser’s internal structure, including its tunnels, and concluded that it supported their theory of a hydraulic elevation mechanism. This mechanism, which functioned similarly to a volcanic system, would have directed sediment-free water up an internal shaft to move the stones. This innovative use of water power has never been reported before and challenges long-held beliefs about pyramid construction methods.
The study also found that the water resources in the area at the time matched the estimated requirements for such a hydraulic system. Although Egyptologists have suggested various methods like ramps, cranes, winches, and toggle lifts, none have been definitively proven. This new research highlights the possibility that ancient Egypt was an early hydraulic civilization, a concept that has not been thoroughly explored in archaeological studies.
This finding raises the possibility that ancient Egyptians were more technologically sophisticated than previously believed. It challenges our perceptions of the engineering prowess of the past and creates fresh opportunities for study into the application of hydraulics in their construction methods.