In a groundbreaking moment for fusion energy, the world witnessed the activation of the EU/Japanese JT-60SA tokamak fusion reactor, marking a significant stride towards realizing commercially viable fusion power plants. This monumental event unfolded during a ceremonial inauguration in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, where the 370-tonne reactor commenced operations for the first time.
Originating from the vision of Soviet scientists in the 1950s, tokamaks, or toroidal reactors, have emerged as prominent contenders for the first practical fusion power source title. The term is a Russian acronym denoting “Toroidal Chamber with Magnetic Coils.” These reactors feature a doughnut-shaped chamber enveloped by magnetic coils, orchestrating the compression of a hydrogen isotope plasma to replicate the intense conditions within the Sun, thereby initiating fusion.
While the concept of tokamaks appears straightforward, translating it into reality poses formidable challenges. Achieving a sustained fusion reaction that generates more power than input remains dauntink. The JT-60 project, initiated in 1970, reached a pinnacle with the JT-60SA, a collaborative effort between the EU and Japan, with British involvement post their Union departure. The reactor underwent multiple upgrades over the years, culminating in a complete disassembly and reassembly in 2013. Unfortunately, a substantial electrical short in 2021 necessitated a two-year repair period.
The inauguration of JT-60SA operations on December 1, 2023, marked a historic moment. Kadri Simson, the EU’s Commissioner for Energy, and Masahito Moriyama, Japan’s Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), officiated the formal ceremony. Although the upgraded reactor is not yet a practical power generator, it is poised to address critical challenges, test materials, and refine procedures crucial for the development of future commercial fusion stations.
Reflecting on the 75-year journey, there is a pervasive sentiment that fusion power perennially remains “25 years away.” Despite the substantial financial investment and occasional setbacks, the allure of unlocking unlimited clean energy persists. As the JT-60SA marks a new chapter, the fusion community embraces the patience required for realizing this transformative energy source.
For a visual insight into the upgrade of the JT-60SA, refer to the accompanying video, providing a glimpse into the intricate advancements shaping the future of fusion energy.
Source: European Commission