China is on the verge of breaking new ground in high-speed rail technology with the development of the CR450, a next-generation train expected to set records in commercial rail speed. Recent tests have shown the CR450 reaching 450 km/h (281 mph), with an anticipated operational speed of 400 km/h (248.5 mph).
In a recent video released by China’s state broadcaster CCTV, the CR450 was seen undergoing rigorous testing, with engineers focusing on weight optimization without compromising strength.
“While reducing the weight, we must ensure that its strength does not decrease, and we even need to increase its strength because of the higher speed,” explained Chen Can, an associate researcher at the China Academy of Railway Sciences (CARS). “It’s just like a person who wants to slim down while building strength.”
To achieve these improvements, engineers are utilizing advanced materials and design changes to reduce aerodynamic drag. Sensors installed on the tracks continuously transmit weight data from each wheel, while the bogie area has been fully enclosed to minimize air resistance—a key factor in boosting efficiency at ultra-high speeds.
“Ensuring the smoothness of the entire train body minimizes resistance during operation,” noted Ha Dalei, a senior designer at CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd.
The CR450 incorporates cutting-edge features, including a permanent magnet traction water-cooled system and an upgraded bogie design for greater stability. With over 4,000 sensors monitoring key functions—such as the car body, pantograph, and braking system—the train prioritizes both performance and safety. It also includes a multi-level emergency braking system, further enhancing passenger security.
The prototypes, named CR450AF and CR450BF, consist of eight cars, blending powered and non-powered carriages to optimize efficiency and speed.
China has long been at the forefront of high-speed rail innovation. Beyond the CR400, the country also operates the Shanghai Maglev, a magnetic levitation train capable of reaching 431 km/h (268 mph) in regular service. Despite competition from France’s TGV, Japan’s Shinkansen, and Spain’s AVE Class 103, China remains the only nation running commercial high-speed trains at 350 km/h (217 mph). The CR450’s projected speed of 400 km/h would solidify China’s dominance in this field.
Although the CR450 has already passed initial traction, braking, and noise control tests, engineers are continuing to refine the system. Future trials will gradually increase speeds to fine-tune performance, aiming to reduce energy consumption, cut vibrations, and lower noise levels.